The Gangaur Festival is the most important local
festival of Rajasthan and is observed throughout the state with great
fervour and devotion by womenfolk who worship Gauri, the consort of Lord
Shiva.
Gan is a synonym for Shiva and Gaur, which stands for Gauri or Parvati who
symbolises 'saubhagya' (marital bliss). Gauri is the embodiment of
perfection and conjugal love, which is why the unmarried women worship her
for being blessed with good husbands, while married women do so for the
welfare, health and long life of their spouses and a happy married and long
life of their life.
GANGAUR FESTIVITIES AT VARIOUS PLACES
Bikaner
In Bikaner, married women and maidens fast during the festival. They
prepare sweet dishes, carry them to a well, make an offering thereof to the
goddess, and return home distributing these as 'prasad' on the way.
Jaipur
In Jaipur, a sweet dish called 'ghewar' is characteristic of the Gangaur
Festival. People buy 'ghewar' to eat and distribute it among their friends
and relatives. A procession, with the image of Gauri, forms at the Palace
Gate known as Tripolia and moves on the city streets passing Chaugan and on
to Talkatora. A vast gathering of the citizens of Jaipur and villagers from
nearby areas witnesses the procession.
Jodhpur
The fair of 'lotias' is a distinctive feature of the Gangaur celebrations
in Jodhpur. Early in the morning, thousands of maidens, clad in their best
attire, singing melodious songs, bring water and 'durva' grass in silver or
brass pots to a place known as Girdikot. The fair is witnessed by a large
number of citizens who throng to the locality to be a part of the
celebration.
Nathdwara
In Nathdwara, the procession of Gangaur lasts 7 days. Each day, a
particular colour is chosen for the dress of the goddess. On the last day of
the festival, the image of Gauri is dressed in black with golden lace work
and women carrying the image too are dressed in a similar fashion. This
indicates the final departure of Gauri.
Udaipur
The images of Isar and Gauri are taken in a procession to the Pichhola
Lake, thereafter they go around the lake in a boat, for an hour and the
ceremony comes to an end with a display of fireworks on the banks
Banswara
In Banswara, the procession is taken out from the Zenana Deorhi to
Singhvashi Chowk, both are areas within the palace compound. Traditional
religious ceremonies are performed here.
Celebration Trends And Rituals
The
festival commences on the first day of Chaitra, the day following Holi and
continues for 18 days. For a newly-wedded girl, it is binding to observe the
full course of 18 days of the festival that succeeds her marriage. Even
unmarried girls fast for the full period of 18 days and eat only one meal a
day.
Celebration Preparations & Decorations
Images and Paintings
Images of Isar and Gauri are made of clay for the festival. In some
families, permanent wooden images are painted afresh every year by reputed
painters called 'matherans' on the eve of the festival. A distinct
difference between the idols of Teej and Gangaur is that the idol will have
a canopy during the Teej Festival while the Gangaur idol would not have one.
Mehandi
The ladies decorate their hands and feet by drawing designs with 'mehandi'
(myrtle paste). The figures drawn range from the Sun, Moon and the stars to
simple flowers or geometrical designs.
Ghudlia
Ghudlias are earthen pots with numerous holes all around and a lamp lit
inside them. On the evening of the 7th day after Holi, unmarried girls go
around singing songs of 'ghudlia' carrying the pots with a burning lamp
inside, on their heads. On their way, they collect small presents of cash,
sweets, jaggery, ghee, oil etc. This continues for 10 days i.e. upto the
conclusion of the Gangaur Festival when the girls break their pots and throw
the debris into a well or a tank and enjoy a feast with the collections
made.
This ritual is performed on the occasion of Gangaur as a reminder of the
triumph of Rao Santhal, ruler of Jodhpur, over Mir Ghudley Khan, who had
carried away 140 maidens who were celebrating the festival of Gangaur, in
1548 AD. The burning lamp signifies the valour and chivalry of the Maharaja.
General Information
Location
All Over Rajasthan.
Deity
Gauri, Consort Of Lord Shiva.
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